- Module 1
CBL 6:
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CBL 06 SENARIO: A 32-year-Old woman presents to her primary care Physician’s office with difficulty chewing food. She states that when she eats certain foods that require significant amount of chewing (meat), her jaw muscles become weak and “tired “. After a period of rest her jaw muscles regain their strength until she eats again. The patient is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and is started on neostigmine, an Acetyl cholinesterase (Ache) inhibitor. What is your likely diagnosis?
Topics to be studied by students: Compare skeletal cardiac and smooth muscles. Compare neuromuscular transmission of skeletal and smooth muscles.
Types of smooth muscles.
Mechanism of contact smooth muscles.
CBL 5: DLC Bacterial Infection
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CBL 05 SENARIO: A 10-Year-Old boy come to OPD with high grade fever sore throat and dysphagia to solids for past 04 days. History revealed that he had multiple similar episodes over past 02 years. On examination, tonsils were swollen and enlarged. La investigations were as under. Neutrophils 80%
Eosinophils 1-5%
Basophils 0-1%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 1-6%
What is your likely diagnosis?
Topics to be studied by students: Types of Leukocytes Steps of Phagocytosis
Normal Differential leukocyte count
CBL 4: Nerve Injury
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CBL 04 SENARIO: A Patient came to emergency complaining of 5 days history of lower back pain, shooting pain from the low buttocks down into legs he reaches that pain begin at the end of long day of carrying heavy boxes Patient has no bowel and bladder incontinence. On examination vitals are normal. Pain and temperature sensation are normal Straight leg raise test is positive What is diagnosis?
Topics to be studied by students: What are the types of nerve injury? Degeneration & Regeneration of nerve
CBL 3:
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CBL 03 SENARIO: A 14-year-old girl complained of fatigue and loss of stamina. Her appetite was marginal, as she was very conscious of maintaining her body weight at 96 pounds. Her monthly menstrual flow was always heavy and long, from its onset at twelve years of age. Relevant laboratory findings included the following: Hematocrit (Hct) 28% Hemoglobin (Hgb) 9 g/dL MCV 70ft MCH 20pg MCHC 25% Topics to be studied by students Definition of anemia. Manifestations of anemia.
To elaborate pathophysiology of various types of anemias.
Iron metabolism in human body.
Stages of erythropoiesis
CBL 2:
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CBL 02 SENARIO: A 50-year-old man on dialysis for 2 years comes to a clinic with complaints of fatigue, exertion on walking. On physical examination pallor is found. Learning Objectives: What can be the likely cause of his Clinical symptoms? What is Hematopoiesis?
What are steps involved in Erythropoiesis?
Role of Erythropoietin in Erythropoiesis?
Topics to be studied by students Hematopoiesis. CBL 1:
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CBL 01 SENARIO: Following an uncomplicated delivery by a mother after 38 weeks gestation, a newborn is evaluated for a unique constellation of characteristics. He is noted to have generalized hirsutism, B/L hazy & clouded corneas, course facial features, gingival hyperplasia, umbilical hernia, restricted joint movements, claw low hand deformity and kyphscoliosis. Blood testing showed increased plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes. What is your likely diagnosis?
Learning Objectives: What are lysosomes? Normal Function of Lysosomes?
Structure of Lysosomes?
Name the enzymes present in Lysosomes?
What is Lysosomal Storage disease?
Give the underlying pathophysiology of disease?